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Training for real-time intralingual subtitlers

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Unit 2. Linguistic competence

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Element 2. Strategies to acquire
and develop specific thematic knowledge.

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Terminology preparation,
management and implementation.

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Created by UAB and SSML

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The learning outcomes for this unit
are: search terminology,

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identify reliable sources,
generate specific glossaries

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manage terminology

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and implement terminology
in real time working situations.

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In this unit we will be dealing
with the following points:

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terminology definition,
terminology in real time subtitling,

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terminology preparation
and main challenges.

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We will finish with a summary.

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Terminology

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Terminology is a key aspect
of the real-time intralingual sublitler's job

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to ensure the quality of the subtitles.

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According to Cabré: "Terminology
is the set of units of expression

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and communication which allow 
specialised knowledge transfer."

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Terminology is not limited
to science and technology.

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Politics, which very few
would classify as scientific,  

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has a rapidly evolving
specialised terminology,

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and can be
one of the most challenging specialised fields

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for a real-time intralingual subtitler,
often due to mentions to legislation.

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Even sports,
the domain of supporters and emotion

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has specialised vocabulary.

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In terms of operation
for a particular working context

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the real-time intralingual subtitler

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should try to build up
as many concepts

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and establish as many relations
as possible

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in order to facilitate
and speed up the subtitling process.

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Knowledge will not be limited
to the topic matter per se,

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but it will also be extended
to how the topic is discussed,

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and to what end, by whom,
and from what perspective.

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The more the real-time intralingual
subtitler knows,

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the more he and she can predict,

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the better his and her knowledge is
of any given topic

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and the faster he and she can predict the results.

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The real-time intralingual subtitler
cannot restrict him or herself

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to learning words without seeking 
to find what they express

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Well, each working context
contains a source text  

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with both neutral
and difficult speech segments.

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The following example
shows segments

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classified as difficult
in square brackets and bold type

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and as neutral in italics.

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For instance, part of neutral language would be:

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"Today psychiatrists are stuck
with a distinction

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that started over 100 years ago."

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This would be part of neutral speech.

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However, as specified in square brackets
and bold type

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"Psychiatrist Emil Kreplin"
which is a proper noun

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or "Dementia precox",
or "Schizophrenia",

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would be terms specific and classified
as difficult speech segments.

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Terminology
in real-time intralingual subtitling. 

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Terminology
in real-time intralingual subtitling

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it's a highly cognitively 
demanding task.

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Professionals have to struggle
with unfamiliar concepts

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that have to be previously 
prepared

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also there are fast-paced speakers
with difficult pronunciation

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specially in the case of non-native speakers.

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There are the memory constraints,
the human short-term memory. 

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So there is a consistent recall
of specific terms

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uttered by the speaker

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that professionals have to manage
for providing the output text.

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Terminology preparation

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Each working context 
has its specificities,

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but common tasks
in all working contexts are:

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to know the topic of the speech,
to search for specific terms,

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to familiarise with specific terminology 
and to introduce terms in the system.

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Once the real-time intralingual subtitler 
knows what sort of topic will handle,

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and once she or he has the specifics
of the working context,

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it's time to search for specific terms
as well as other words

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that will be used
in a specific working context.  

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This process allows the professional
to familiarise with specific terminology

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and the last step is to introduce
 the detected terms in the system.

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Information sources.

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Terminology preparation will depend
on the working context as mentioned.

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But there are three main common
sources of information

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that apply to all working contexts.  

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First of all the World Wide Web,

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which is the most common used
information source.

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Also depending on the context
there is the documentation,

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such as a list of speakers, program
or agenda

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that is usually provided in conferences.

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Another information source
can be background information

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and terminology resources
that depending on the type of job

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our customer or employer
can provide us.

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It can be papers on the subject
and organisations involved

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and documents to be discussed,
text of speeches to be delivered,

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powerpoint presentations,
and speakers notes,

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summaries or minutes
of previous meetings

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bionotes of speakers.

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Those are relevant information sources

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that we can obtain and request
from our customers.

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In terms of tools they have the ability
to manage terms

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previously introduced by professionals
in the system.

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Such as, proper names, numbers, 
acronyms and entities.

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Once the terminology is extracted
from the information sources,

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it should be introduced in the system
in order to have a proper management.

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Glossaries,
after all this terminology preparation

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the final product is usually a glossary
that contains specialised terms.

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The main aim
of this terminology preparation

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is to reduce the cognitive load
on real-time intralingual subtitlers.

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Because, such systems
have the potential

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to reduce the cognitive load 
of real-time intralingual subtitlers

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by allowing professionals
to concentrate

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on fluent and accurate production
of the target message.

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Main challenges

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Main challenges.

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We cannot forget
that all this terminology preparation,

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and management and implementation
has some added challenges.

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Some of them are:
when no material is available,

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the terms are too technical.

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There's also the common problem
which is the time pressure.

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The collection is mainly done manually 
so it's a very time consuming task.  

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And preparing terminology alone
cannot guarantee a successful retrieval

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during the real-time intralingual
subtitling practice.

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Summary

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As a summary we would like to stress 
the following points:

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First terminology occurs in context,

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which means
that we have to be familiarised

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with the overall terminology,
not only to specific terms.

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Second,
advanced terminology preparation

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supports the real-time intralingual
subtitling process.

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Third, terminology preparation
helps professionals

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to reduce the cognitive load
during a work.

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And lastly, preparing terminology alone
cannot guarantee a successful retrieval

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during the real-time intralingual
subtitling job.

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Exercises

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The exercises for this video lecture
are in the trainer's guide

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and powerpoint file.